Balance Sheet = Non-Current Area + Current Area

For the purpose of funds flow analysis, the Balance Sheet (both the assets side as well as the liabilities side) is considered to be made up of two areas.

For this purpose, classification of assets and liabilities is based on time i.e. the life span of the assets and liabilities. An example balance sheet with the two areas marked.

Balance Sheet of M/s Free Flow Fluids as on 30th June 2007
LiabilitiesAmountAssetsAmount
EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL
PREFERENCE SHARE CAPITAL
RESERVES
a) P/L Appropriation a/c
    (Retained Earnings)
b) Share Premium
c) Shares Forfeited
d) Capital Redemption Reserve
e) General Reserve
LONG TERM LIABILITIES
(1) Loans from Banks
(2) Debentures
(3) Fixed Deposits Collected
CURRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS
(1) Sundry Creditors
(2) Bills Payable
(3) Bank Overdraft
(4) Outstanding Expenses
(5) Unclaimed Dividends
(6) Pre-received Incomes
(7) Provision for Taxation
(8) Provision for Dividends
15,00,000
9,00,000

29,57,000

14,00,000
1,74,000
12,00,000
20,00,000

54,00,000
25,00,000
14,62,000

13,00,000
12,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
20,000
2,23,000
3,00,000
4,00,000 
FIXED ASSETS
Goodwill at cost
Land and Buildings
Plant and Machinery
Furniture and Fittings
Loose Tools
Patents, Trade Marks, Copyrights
Investments
ACCUMULATED LOSSES
Miscellaneous Expenses
Goodwill (Self Generated)
Patents, Trade Marks, Copyrights
    (unrealisable)
Discount on issue of
    shares and Debentures
CURRENT ASSETS
A. LIQUID ASSETS
(1) Cash balance on hand
(2) Bank Balance
(3) Bills Receivable
(4) Sundry Debtors
  Less: Reserve for
  Doubtful Debts
(5) Advances recoverable in cash
      or for value to be received
B. OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
(1) Stocks/Inventories
(2) Prepaid Expenses
(3) Incomes Receivable
(4) Short Term Investments

8,00,000
62,00,000
35,00,000
5,00,000
4,26,000
18,00,000
24,00,000

2,40,000
2,00,000
1,00,000


2,10,000



1,17,000

15,00,000
38,20,000


3,83,000


6,00,000
3,80,000
1,60,000
5,00,000 
 2,38,36,0002,38,36,000

Current Area

Assets which generally get liquidated and liabilities which generally get cleared within a time span of a year or less are classified as current natured and are identified as current assets and current liabilities respectively.

Thus, the current area of the balance sheet is made up of the current assets on the assets side and the current liabilities on the liabilities side.

Balance Sheet of M/s Free Flow Fluids as on 30th June 2007
LiabilitiesAmountAssetsAmount
...
CURRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS
(1) Sundry Creditors
(2) Bills Payable
(3) Bank Overdraft
(4) Outstanding Expenses
(5) Unclaimed Dividends
(6) Pre received Incomes
(7) Provision for Taxation
(8) Provision for Dividends
...

13,00,000
12,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
20,000
2,23,000
3,00,000
4,00,000 
44,43,000 
...
CURRENT ASSETS
A. LIQUID ASSETS
(1) Cash balance on hand
(2) Bank Balance
(3) Bills Receivable
(4) Sundry Debtors
  Less: Reserve for
  Doubtful Debts
(5) Advances recoverable in cash
      or for value to be received
B. OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
(1) Stocks/Inventories
(2) Prepaid Expenses
(3) Incomes Receivable
(4) Short Term Investments
...



1,17,000

15,00,000
38,20,000


3,83,000


6,00,000
3,80,000
1,60,000
5,00,000
72,60,000 
 2,38,36,0002,38,36,000

Current Assets > Current Liabilities

In general, the aggregate value of current assets would be greater than the aggregate value of current liabilities. This is not a rule and need not be so always.

From the above balance sheet,

  • aggregate of Current Assets = 72,60,000
  • aggregate of Current Liabilities = 44,43,000

Non-Current Area

Assets which generally have a life span of more than one year and liabilities which generally get cleared over a long period of time (greater than one year) are classified as non-current natured and are identified as non-current assets and non-current liabilities respectively.

With a few exclusions, we can also say that assets other than current assets are non-current assets and liabilities other than current liabilities are non-current liabilities.

Thus, the non-current area of the balance sheet is made up of the non-current assets on the assets side and the non-current liabilities on the liabilities side.

Balance Sheet of M/s Free Flow Fluids as on 30th June 2007
LiabilitiesAmountAssetsAmount
EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL
PREFERENCE SHARE CAPITAL
RESERVES
a) P/L Appropriation a/c
    (Retained Earnings)
b) Share Premium
c) Shares Forfeited
d) Capital Redemption Reserve
e) General Reserve
LONG TERM LIABILITIES
(1) Loans from Banks
(2) Debentures
(3) Fixed Deposits Collected
...
15,00,000
9,00,000

29,57,000

14,00,000
1,74,000
12,00,000
20,00,000

54,00,000
25,00,000
14,62,000
1,93,93,000  ...
FIXED ASSETS
Goodwill at cost
Land and Buildings
Plant and Machinery
Furniture and Fittings
Loose Tools
Patents, Trade Marks, Copyrights
Investments
ACCUMULATED LOSSES
Miscellaneous Expenses
Goodwill (Self Generated)
Patents, Trade Marks, Copyrights
    (unrealisable)
Discount on issue of
    shares and Debentures
...

8,00,000
62,00,000
35,00,000
5,00,000
4,26,000
18,00,000
24,00,000

2,40,000
2,00,000
1,00,000


2,10,000
1,65,76,000  ...
 2,38,36,0002,38,36,000

Non-Current Liabilities > Non-Current Assets

In general, the aggregate value of non-current liabilities would be greater than the aggregate value of non-current assets. This is not a rule and need not be so always.

From the above balance sheet,

  • aggregate of Non-Current Assets = 1,65,76,000
  • aggregate of Non-Current Liabilities = 1,93,93,000

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