1. | (a) | Discuss two types of Costs which are associated with labour turnover. | 3 | (0) |
| (b) | Discuss the purpose of Cost Audit, and circumstances under which a Cost Audit is desirable. | 3 | (0) |
| (c) | Alpha Limited has decided to analyse the profitability of its five new customers. It buys bottled water at Rs. 90 per case and sells to retail customers at a list price of Rs. 108 per case. The data pertaining to five customers are : | Customers | | A | B | C | D | E | Cases sold List Selling Price Actual Selling Price Number of Purchase orders Number of customer visits Number of Deliveries Kilometres traveled Per delivery Number of expedited | 4,680 Rs. 108 Rs. 108 15
2 10
20 | 19,688 Rs. 108 Rs. 106.20 25
3 30
6
| 1,36,800 Rs.108 Rs. 99 30
6 60
5
| 71,550 Rs. 108 Rs. 104.40 25
2 40
10 | 8,775 Rs. 108 Rs. 97.20
3 20
30 | deliveries | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Its five activities and their cost drivers are : Activity | Cost Driver Rate | Order taking Customer visits Deliveries Product handling | Rs. 750 per purchase order Rs. 600 per customer visit Rs. 5.75 per delivery Km traveled Rs. 3.75 per case sold | Expedited deliveries | Rs. 2,250 per expedited delivery | Required : (i) | Compute the customer–level operating income of each of five retail customers now being examined (A, B, C, D and E). Comment on the results. | (ii) | What insights are gained by reporting both the list selling price and the actual selling price for each customer? | (iii) | What factors Alpha Limited should consider in deciding whether to drop one or more of five customers? | | 12 | (0) |
2. | (a) | Write short notes on any three of the following : | 6 | |
| | (i) | Re–order quantity | | (0) |
| | (ii) | Re–order level | | (0) |
| | (iii) | Maximum stock level | | (0) |
| | (iv) | Minimum stock level. | | (0) |
| (b) | A fire occurred in the factory premises on October 31, 2003. The accounting records have been destroyed. Certain accounting records were kept in another building. They reveal the following for the period September 1, 2003 to October 31, 2003 : (i) (ii) (iii) | Direct materials purchased Work in process inventory, 1.9.2003 Direct materials inventory, 1.9.2003 | Rs. 2,50,000 Rs. 40,000 Rs. 20,000 | (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) | Finished goods inventory, 1.9.2003 Indirect manufacturing costs Sales revenues Direct manufacturing labour Prime costs Gross margin percentage based on revenues Cost of Goods available for sale | Rs. 37,750 40% of conversion cost Rs. 7,50,000 Rs. 2,22,250 3,97,750 30% Rs. 5,55,775 | The loss is fully covered by insurance. The insurance company wants to know the historical cost of the inventories as basis for negotiating a settlement, although the settlement is actually to e based on replacement cost, not historical cost. Required : (i) | Finished goods inventory, 31.10.2003 | (ii) | Work–in–process inventory, 31.10.2003 | (iii) | Direct materials inventory, 31.10.2003 | | 8 | (0) |
3. | (a) | e–books is an online book retailer. The Company has four departments. The two sales departments ae Corporate Sales and Consumer Sales. The two support–departments are Administrative (Human resources, Accounting), and Information systems. Each of the sales departments conducts merchandising and marketing operations independently. The following data are available for October, 2003 : Departments | Revenues | Number of Employees | Processing Time used (in minutes) | Corporate Sales Consumer Sales Administrative Information systems | Rs. 16,67,750 Rs. 8,33,875 — — | 42 28 14 21 | 2,400 2,000 400 1,400 |
Cost incurred in each of four departments for October, 2003 are as follows : Corporate sales Consumers sales Administrative Information systems | Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. | 12,97,751 6,36,818 94,510 3,04,720 |
The company uses number of employees as a basis to allocate Administrative costs and processing time as a basis to allocate Information systems costs. Required : (i) | Allocate the support department costs to the sales departments using the direct method. | (ii) | Rank the support departments based on percentage of their services rendered to other support departments. Use this ranking to allocate support costs based on the step–down allocation method. | (iii) | How could you have ranked the support departments differently? | (iv) | Allocate the support department costs to two sales departments using the reciprocal allocation method. | | 10 | (0) |
| (b) | Dsicuss the accounting treatment of spoilage and defectives in Cost Accounting. | 4 | (0) |
4. | (a) | Discuss the process of estimating profit/loss on incomplete contracts. | 4 | (0) |
| (b) | BPR Limited keeps books on integrated accounting system. The following balances appear in the books as on April 1, 2002 : | Dr. (Rs.) | Cr. (Rs.) | Stores Control A/c Work-in-progress A/c Finished Goods A/c Bank A/c Creditors A/c | 40,950 38,675 52,325 — — | — — — 22,750 18,200 |
| Dr. (Rs.) | Cr. (Rs.) | Fixed Assets A/c Debtors A/c Share Capital A/c Provision for Depreciation A/c Provision for Doubtful Debts A/c Factory Overheads Outstanding A/c Pre-paid Administration overheads A/c Profit and Loss A/c | 1,47,875 27,300 — — — — 9,975 — | — — 1,82,000 11,375 3,725 6,250 — 72,800 | | 3,17,100 | 3,17,100 |
The transactions for the year ended March 31, 2003 were as given below : | Rs. | Rs. | Direct Wages Indirect Wages | 1,97,925 11,375 | — 2,09,300 | Purchase of materials (on credit) Materials issued to production Materials issued for repairs Goods finished during the year (at cost) Credit Sales Cost of Goods sold Production overheads absorbed Production overheads paid during the year Administration overheads paid during the year Selling overheads incurred Payment to Creditors Payment received from Debtors Depreciation of Machinery Administration overheads outstanding at the end of year Provision for doubtful debts at the end of the year | 2,27,500 2,50,250 4,550 4,89,125 6,82,500 5,00,500 1,09,200 91,000 7,775 27,300 31,850 2,29,775 6,59,750 14,789 2,225 | Required : Write up accounts in the integrated ledger of BPR Limited and prepare a Trial Balance. | 10 | (0) |
|
5. | (a) | From the following information for the month of October 2003, prepare Process III Cost accounts : Opening WIP in Process III Transfer from process II Transferred to Warehouse Closing WIP of process III Units scrapped Direct material added in process III Direct wages Production overheads | : 1,800 units at Rs. 27,000 : 47,700 units at Rs. 5,36,625 : 43,200 units : 4,500 units : 1,800 units : Rs. 1,77,840 : Rs. 87,840 : Rs. 43,920 | Degree of completion : | Opening Stock | closing Stock | Scrap | Material Labour Overheads | 80% 60% 60% | 70% 50% 50% | 100% 70% 70% | The normal loss in the process was 5% of the production and scrap was sold @ Rs. 6.75 per unit. | 10 | (0) |
| (b) | Discuss the different stages in the Activity–based Costing. | 4 | (0) |
6. | The Financial statements of Excel AMP Graphics Limited are as under the sheet : Balance SheetAs at 31 December, 2001 | 2001 | 2000 | | (Rs. in crores) | Sources of Funds : shareholder’s Funds Share Capital Reserves & Surplus
Loan Funds Secured Loans Finance lease obligations Unsecured loans
|
1,121 8,950
– 74 171
|
10,071
245
|
931 7,999 8,930
259 – 115 374 | | | 10,316 | 9,304 | Applications of Funds : Fixed Assets Gross Block Less : Depreciation Net Block Capital Work–in–progress
Investments Current Assets, Loans & Advances : Inventories Sundry debtors Cash & Bank Balances Loans & Advances |
6,667 3,150 3,517 27
2,709 9,468 3,206 2,043 |
3,544
288
|
5,747 2,561 3,186 28 3,214 222
2,540 9,428 662 1,712 | | 17,426 | | 14,342 |
| 2001 | 2000 | | (Rs. in crores) | Less : current liabilities & Provisions Current liabilities Provisions | 10,109 513 | 7,902 572 | | 10,622 | 8,474 | Net Current Assets Net Deferred Tax Liability | 6,804 (320) | 5,868 – | | 10,316 | 9,304 |
Profit and Loss Account For the year ended 31 December, 2001
| 2001 | 2000 | | (Rs. in crores) | Income : Sales & Services Other Income
Expenditure : Cost of Materials Personnel Expenses Other Expenses Depreciation Less : Transfer from revaluation reserve
Interest
Profit Before Tax Provision for Tax Current Tax Deferred Tax |
419
7 |
15,179 2,543 3,546
412
164 | 23,436 320 23,756
21,844 1,192
450 (6) | 17,849 306 18,155
10,996 2,293 2,815 383
6 377 88 16,569 1,586
371 – | Profit after Tax | | | 1,468 | 1,215 |
Required : (a) | Compute and analyse the return on capital employed (ROCE) in a Du–Pont control chart framework | (b) | Compute and analyse the average inventory holding period and average collection period. | (c) | Compute and analyse the return on equity (ROE) by bringing out clearly the impact of financial leverage. | | 16 | (0) |
7. | Beta Company Limited is considering replacement of its existing machine by anew machine, which is expected to cost Rs. 2,64,000. The new machine will have a life of years and will yield annual cash revenues of Rs. 5,68,750 and incur annual cash expenses of Rs. 2,95,750. The estimated salvage value of the new machine is Rs. 18,200. The existing machine has a book value of Rs. 91,000 and can be sold for Rs. 45,500 today. The existing machine has a remaining useful life of five years. The cash revenues will be Rs. 4,55,000 and associated cash expenses will be 3,18,500. the existing machine will have a salvage value of Rs. 4,550, at the end of five years. The Beta Company is in 35% tax–bracket, and write off depreciation at 25% on written–down value method. The Beta Company has a target debt to value ratio of 15%. The Company in the past has raised debt at 11% and it can raise fresh debt at 10.5%. Beta Company plans to follow dividend discount model to estimate the cost of equity capital. The Company plans to pay a dividend of Rs. 2 per share in the next year. The current market price of Company’s equity share is Rs. 20 per equity share. The dividend per equity share of the Company is expected to grow at 8% p.a. Required : (i) | Compute the incremental cash flows of the replacement decision. | (ii) | Compute the weighted average cost of Capital of the Company. | (iii) | Find out the net present value of the replacement decision. | (iv) | Estimate the discounted payback period of the replacement decision. | (v) | Should the Company replace the existing machine? Advise. | | 12 | (0) |
8. | (a) | A firm has a current sales of Rs. 2,56,48,750. The firm has unutilized capacity. In order to boost its sales, it is considering the relaxation in its credit policy. The proposed terms of credit will be 60 days credit against the present policy of 45 days. As a result, the bad debts will increase from 1.5% to 2% of sales. The firm’s sales are expected to increase by 10%. The variable operating costs are 72% of the sales. The firm’s Corporate tax rate is 35%, and it requires an after–tax return of 15% on its investment. Should the firm change its credit period? | 6 | (0) |
| (b) | Discuss the ‘Profit maximisation’ and ‘Wealth maximisation’ objective of a firm. | 6 | (0) |
9. | (a) | Write short notes on any two of the following : | | (0) |
| | (i) | Factoring | | (0) |
| | (ii) | Commercial paper | | (0) |
| | (iii) | Recent changes in Maximum permissible Bank Finance (MPBF). | | (0) |
| (b) | Discuss the major consideration in Capital structure planning. | 6 | (0) |